Birmingham International Airport, West Midlands
| Birmingham International Airport | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| IATA: BHX – ICAO: EGBB | |||
| Summary | |||
| Airport type | Public | ||
| Operator | Birmingham International Airport Ltd | ||
| Serves | Birmingham and the surrounding areas. | ||
| Location | Bickenhill, West Midlands | ||
| Elevation AMSL | 328 ft / 100 m | ||
| Website | |||
| Runways | |||
| Direction | Length | Surface | |
| m | ft | ||
| 15/33 | 2,599 | 8,527 | Asphalt |
| Statistics (2009) | |||
| Aircraft Movements | 101,221 | ||
| Passengers | 9,102,899 | ||
| Sources: UK AIP at NATS[1] Statistics from the UK Civil Aviation Authority[2] |
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Birmingham International Airport (IATA: BHX, ICAO: EGBB) is an international airport located 5.5 NM (10.2 km; 6.3 mi) east southeast of Birmingham city centre, at Bickenhill in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull within the West Midlands, England. In 2009 it was the sixth busiest airport in the UK and second busiest not serving London, after Manchester Airport.
The airport is a major base for Bmibaby, Flybe, Monarch Airlines, Ryanair and Thomson Airways. The airline that operates most flights to Birmingham is Flybe, however the airline that transports most passengers at Birmingham is Ryanair.
BHX offers both domestic flights within the UK, and international flights to destinations in Europe, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, North America and the Caribbean.
Birmingham has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P451) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction.
After handling a record number of passengers in 2008, passenger numbers declined by 5.4% in 2009 to 9,102,899.[2]
Contents |
Location
Birmingham Airport is situated 5.5 NM (10.2 km; 6.3 mi) east south-east of Birmingham city centre, in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull. It is bordered by the National Exhibition Centre to the east, Marston Green to the north, Sheldon to the west, and the village of Bickenhill to the south.
It is primarily served by the A45 main road, and is close to Junction Six of the M42 motorway. It is connected by the elevated AirRail Link with Birmingham International railway station on the West Coast Main Line.
The airport's location south-east of the city, plus the only operational runway being north-west - south-east orientated (15/33) means that depending on wind direction, aircraft land or take-off directly over Birmingham. The relatively short north-east - south-west runway (06/24) is not operational, and has been incorporated into the taxiway for aircraft departing the end of runway 33, or gaining access to runway 15.
As the airport is located within the Borough of Solihull [3], all planning applications are reviewed by Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council which is run separately from Birmingham City Council. Due to this, Birmingham has little or no control over planning permission for Birmingham Airport's expansion plans[4].
History
1920s to 1939
Birmingham City Council decided in 1928 that the city required a municipal airport. Delays were caused by the Great Depression, but plans were finally submitted in 1933, identifying Elmdon as the site for the airport. Elmdon Airport was opened on 8 July 1939 and was owned and operated by Birmingham City Council. Initial services flew to Croydon, Glasgow, Liverpool, Ryde, Shoreham, Manchester and Southampton.
World War II
During World War II, the airport was requisitioned by the Air Ministry and was used by the RAF and the Royal Navy as an Elementary Flying School and a base for the Fleet Air Arm. During this time, the original grass strip was replaced by two hard runways: 06/24 at 2,469 feet (753 m) and 15/33 at 4,170 feet (1,271 m)[5]. Avro Lancaster and Stirling bombers manufactured at the Austin Aero Company's shadow factory at Cofton Hackett could not take off from the short runways at Longbridge. Instead they were transported by road, minus the wings that would be attached at Elmdon. They were test flown from the aerodrome, and once declared airworthy they were then flown to their operational units. The aerodrome returned to civilian use on 8 July 1946, though still under government control.
1946 - 1970s
During the post-war years, public events, such as air fairs and air races were held on the site. The City of Birmingham took over responsibility again on 1 January 1960 and assumed full responsibility on 1 April 1960.[6] An additional terminal building to handle international traffic was opened in 1961, called The International Building. The main runway was extended to 7,400 feet in 1967 to allow jet operations, including the introduction of VC-10 services to New York. The Birmingham Corporation Act 1970 gave the corporation the power to attest constables for the airport, creating the Birmingham Airport Police. Ownership of the airport passed to the newly-formed West Midlands County Council in 1974.[5]
1980s - 2000
1984 saw the birth of the current airport. A new terminal was opened on the east side of the runway adjacent to the Birmingham International railway station and the National Exhibition Centre, able to handle three million passengers a year. It was first used on 4 April 1984, and was officially opened by the Queen on 30 May 1984.[7]
The original Art Deco 1939 terminal and control tower are still visible and are in use as aviation related offices, near hangars to the west of the runway.
Take Off, a sculpture by the Polish artist Walenty Pytel, stands in a roundabout on the approach road. It was erected in 1985 and is 1.4 m (4.6 ft) tall. The unpolished steel sculpture was designed to commemorate 40 years of peace in Europe.[8]
In 1986, the ownership of the Airport transferred to the newly formed West Midlands Joint Airport Committee, comprising the seven West Midlands district councils. Shortly after this, The Airports Act 1986 was introduced, requiring municipal airports with turnover greater than £1m to become Public Airport Companies. On 1 April 1987, ownership of the airport was transferred to Birmingham International Airport plc, although still owned by the seven West Midlands district councils.
A second terminal, "Eurohub" opened on 26 July 1991 (with Concorde in attendance), more than doubling the airport's capacity. This second terminal was designed for the use of British Airways and its partners as part of a "hub and spoke" system whereby aircraft would arrive in waves from domestic and European destinations and allowed easy transfers so that a passenger from, say Edinburgh, could connect to a range of European destinations. During the 1990s, British Airways also operated a service to New York-JFK, and for a short time Toronto-Pearson as well.
In 1993, the Government limited public sector borrowing. This meant that the airport could only expand by using private sector finance. 51% of the local authority shares were sold to restructure the airport in to a private sector company, enabling a £260 million restructuring programme to begin in 1997.
In 1995 the Maglev Airport Rapid Transit system, which had been running between the airport and Birmingham International railway station on a 600-metre (1,969 ft) track since 1984,[9] was closed due to high cost and problems sourcing parts.
2000 - Today
On 3 March 2000, the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh officially opened the £40 million redevelopment of the airport. The redevelopment introduced a new customs and immigration hall, twelve new shops, a new baggage reclaim area, a new arrivals concourse, a new pier with three air bridges, sixteen new check-in desks, and linked Terminal One with Terminal Two (previously "Eurohub") for the first time.
Following on from this, a total of £18 million was spent on a replacement to Maglev; the AirRail Link people mover, which was the first in the world to be used at an airport. Along with this, the public transport interchange was built to extend Birmingham International railway station for airport users. This has since been named Birmingham International Interchange.
Concorde made her final visit to Birmingham Airport on 20 October 2003 as part of her farewell tour.
American Airlines operated a daily service to Chicago until 2001 and in 2009, US Airways launched a seasonal service to Philadelphia. However, due to the global economic crisis, the route was suspended.
In 2005, Air India launched a new service linking Birmingham with Amritsar and Toronto. Despite the success of filling 85% of all seats, the Birmingham link was axed in 2008 and re-routed through London Heathrow Airport in order to protect the airline's valuable Heathrow slots.[10]
In July 2007, Birmingham was voted the best airport in Europe in the 5 million to 10 million passengers per year category.[11]
The shorter runway (06/24) was decommissioned in January 2008. It had been used with less frequency due to its short length, noise impact, and its inconvenient position crossing the main runway making it uneconomic to continue operation. The closure also allowed for apron expansion on both sides of the remaining runway.[12]
New International Pier
In June 2008 work began on the construction of the new ‘International Pier’. It was officially opened on 9 September 2009. As part of the airport's 70th anniversary, the airport welcomed the Airbus A380 as the first user of the pier. The special service was the first commercial A380 flight in the UK to take place outside London Heathrow Airport.
The new Pier is a three storey construction; 240 metres long and 24 metres wide. Departing passengers will be accommodated on the top level, with arriving passengers on the middle level and office accommodation for airline and handling agents on the ground floor.
The new facility provides air-bridged aircraft parking for seven wide-bodied aircraft and enough space to serve 13 smaller aircraft at any given time and is capable of accommodating ‘next generation’ environmentally-efficient wide-bodied aircraft such as the Airbus A380, Airbus A350 and the Boeing 787 ‘Dreamliner’ as well as the larger aircraft types such as the Boeing 777 which currently serves the airport on a daily basis. The new pier also hosts a new lounge for Emirates.[13]
Future
The airport has published a master plan for its development up to 2030, called "Towards 2030: Planning a Sustainable Future for Air Transport in the Midlands".[14] This sets out details of changes to the terminals, airfield layout and off-site infrastructure. As with all large scale plans, the proposals are controversial, with opposition from environmentalists and local residents. In particular the requirement for a second parallel runway based on projected demand was disputed by opponents.
It was announced in September 2007 that plans for a second runway had been scrapped but plans to build another terminal and increase runway capacity would go ahead with works expected to finish in 2012. It was estimated that 15 million passengers will use the airport upon completion.
Runway Extension
The first major element is an extension to the runway, targeted for completion in time for the 2012 London Olympics and Paralympics. The extension will increase the runway length to 3,000 metres (9,843 ft), as well as including a starter strip to provide a maximum takeoff run of 3,150 metres (10,335 ft). The airport owners believe there is likely to be sufficient demand for long-range direct services operated by aircraft whose operations are constrained by the current runway length. At 2,605 metres (8,547 ft), this is short for an airport with Birmingham's passenger throughput and range of destinations, and limits aircraft to destinations on the east coast or in the midwest of North America, in the Gulf and Middle East, or on the South Asian subcontinent. The construction of this extension to the southern end of the runway will require the A45 Coventry Road to be diverted into a tunnel under the extended section. Plans for the extension of the airport runway and the construction of a new air traffic control tower were submitted to Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council in January 2008 and approved in March 2009.[15]
Taxiways will be further improved to allow for terminal expansion and to improve runway occupancy rates. A new turn off was completed in June 2006 and saw an improvement in traffic rates on southerly operations, where the only available option for landing traffic had been to travel to the end of the runway to exit.
Airport Building
In January 2010, Birmingham International Airport announced they were to spend £13 million on merging Terminals 1 & 2 together. The merger is hoped to "improve passenger flows and operational efficiency, as well as creating a larger centralised passenger security search area, an enlarged meeting and greeting arrivals point, and an improved shopping and catering offer in both landside and airside areas."[16]
Whilst the merger is taking place, the four security control rooms are also being merged in to one in a £1.5 million scheme. Also, the airport Information Desk will close.[17]
The development of Terminal 1 saw improvements made to the International Pier and will see a new satellite pier to the north of the terminals. The masterplan also details the need for a third terminal. The planned extension to the main runway will also require a new control tower to be constructed.
High Speed Two
A new railway station is to be built to serve the airport called Birmingham Interchange. This will be on the High Speed Two railway line. The station would be built on the far side of the M42 motorway and connect to the airport using a "rapid transit people mover". High Speed Two is expected to be completed in 2026.[18]
Access
Public Transport
Train
Birmingham Airport is served by Birmingham International station. The station is on the West Coast Main Line between Birmingham and London. London Midland and Virgin Trains operate from Birmingham New Street station to Birmingham International station approximately every ten minutes, with a journey time of around ten minutes. There are three services per hour to and from London Euston, the journey time being around 70 minutes. Access between the railway station and the airport terminal is provided by the free AirRail Link.[19]
Bus and Coach
National Express West Midlands operates the main bus routes calling at Birmingham Airport, those being the 900 to Birmingham city centre and Coventry, and the 966 to Erdington and Solihull. Other smaller operators also call at the airport. Bus stops are situated outside Terminal One.[20]
National Express Coaches operate various long distance coaches calling at Birmingham Airport on the way to or from Birmingham Coach Station, such as the 777 and the 422.
Taxi
Black cabs are available at the taxi-rank outside the arrivals area of the terminals.
Car
Birmingham Airport is accessible from the north and south via Junction Six of the M42 motorway. From Birmingham city centre, the A45 runs directly to the airport. There are no pick-up or drop-off areas available. Instead, there is a "Drop & Go" car park outside the terminals for which there is a charge. The airport also offers short, medium and long stay car parks on site.[21]
Birmingham Airport is the location of six global car-hire firms with a dedicated return and collect car park near to the terminals.[22]
Bike
The only cycle route available heads south over the A45 travelling towards Solihull. Birmingham Airport have however published "recommended routes" for cyclists. [23] Free short term cycle parking is available close to Terminal One. For longer stays, bikes are required to be stored in Left Luggage for a charge.[24]
Airlines and destinations
| Airlines | Destinations | Terminal |
|---|---|---|
| Aer Arann | Waterford | 1 |
| Aer Lingus | Cork, Dublin | 1 |
| Aer Lingus Regional
operated by Aer Arann
|
Cork [begins 31 October], Shannon | 1 |
| Air Berlin | Hanover [seasonal], Paderborn/Lippstadt [seasonal] | 1 |
| Air France operated By Brit Air | Lyon | 1 |
| Air France operated By CityJet | Paris-Charles de Gaulle | 1 |
| Air Malta | Malta | 1 |
| Air Transat | Toronto-Pearson [seasonal] | 1 |
| Armavia | Yerevan [begins 21 September] | 1 |
| Austrian Airlines operated by Tyrolean Airways | Innsbruck [seasonal] | 1 |
| BH Air | Burgas, Varna | 1 |
| Bmibaby | Alicante, Amsterdam, Belfast-International, Faro [seasonal], Geneva [seasonal], Knock, Málaga, Murcia, Nice [seasonal], Palma de Mallorca, Prague | 1 |
| BMI Regional | Aberdeen | 1 |
| Brussels Airlines | Brussels | 1 |
| City Airline | Gothenburg-Landvetter | 1 |
| Continental Airlines | Newark | 1 |
| Cyprus Airways | Larnaca, Paphos | 1 |
| Eastern Airways | Newcastle upon Tyne | 1 |
| EasyJet | Geneva [seasonal], Grenoble [seasonal] | 1 |
| Emirates | Dubai | 1 |
| Eurocypria Airlines | Larnaca [Seasonal], Paphos [seasonal] | 1 |
| Flybe | Aberdeen, Avignon [seasonal], Belfast-City, Bergerac [seasonal], Bern [seasonal], Bordeaux [seasonal], Brest [seasonal], Chambéry [seasonal], Dubrovnik [seasonal], Düsseldorf, Edinburgh, Frankfurt, Glasgow-International, Guernsey, Hamburg, Hanover, Inverness, Isle of Man, Jersey, La Rochelle [seasonal], Limoges [seasonal], Milan-Malpensa, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Perpignan, Rennes [seasonal], Split [seasonal], Stuttgart, Toulouse [seasonal], Turin [seasonal] | 2 |
| Flybe operated by Loganair | Dundee | 2 |
| Iceland Express | Reykjavik-Keflavik [seasonal] | 1 |
| KLM | Amsterdam | 1 |
| KLM operated By KLM Cityhopper | Amsterdam | 1 |
| Koral Blue Airlines | Sharm el Sheikh [seasonal] | 1 |
| Lufthansa | Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Munich | 1 |
| Lufthansa Regional operated by Eurowings | Düsseldorf | 1 |
| Lufthansa Regional operated by Lufthansa CityLine | Munich | 1 |
| Mahan Air | Tehran-Imam Khomeini | 1 |
| Monarch Airlines (Scheduled) | Alicante, Almería [seasonal], Dalaman, Faro, Fuerteventura, Ibiza [seasonal], Lanzarote, Larnaca, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Málaga, Minorca [seasonal], Palma de Mallorca [seasonal], Tenerife-South | 1 |
| Monarch Airlines (Charter) | Corfu [seasonal], Geneva [seasonal], Heraklion [seasonal], Paphos [seasonal], Rhodes [seasonal], Zakynthos [seasonal] | 1 |
| Onur Air | Bodrum, Dalaman [seasonal] | 1 |
| Pakistan International Airlines | Islamabad | 1 |
| Pegasus Airlines | Antalya [Seasonal] | 1 |
| Ryanair | Alicante, Biarritz, Bratislava, Bydgoszcz, Derry, Dublin, Faro [seasonal], Gdansk, Girona, Gran Canaria, Ibiza [seasonal], Katowice, Kaunas [ends 27 October], Kraków, Lanzarote, Málaga, Murcia [seasonal], Palma de Mallorca [seasonal], Porto [seasonal], Reus [seasonal], Rzeszów, Tenerife-South, Trieste [seasonal], Weeze | 2 |
| Saga Airlines | Bodrum [Seasonal], Dalaman [Seasonal] | 1 |
| Scandinavian Airlines | Copenhagen | 1 |
| Sky Airlines | Bodrum [Seasonal] | 1 |
| Swiss International Air Lines operated by Helvetic Airways | Zürich | 1 |
| Thomas Cook Airlines | Alicante, Antalya, Banjul, Bodrum, Corfu, Dalaman, Faro, Fuerteventura, Grenoble [seasonal], Herakion, Hurghada, Ibiza, Izmir, Kefalonia, Kos, Lanzarote, Larnaca, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Málaga, Malta, Minorca, Monastir, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Reus, Rhodes, Salzburg [seasonal], Santorini, Sharm el-Sheikh, Skiathos, Tenerife-South, Toronto-Pearson, Zakynthos | 1 |
| Thomas Cook Airlines operated by Astraeus | Larnaca [seasonal], Mahon [seasonal], Tenerife [seasonal], Palma [seasonal] | 1 |
| Thomson Airways | Agadir [begins 2 May], Alicante, Antalya, Aruba, Barbados, Bodrum, Burgas, Cancún, Corfu, Dalaman, Dubrovnik [begins 22 May], Enfidha [beings 1 May], Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Girona, Heraklion, Ibiza, Izmir [begins 26 May], Kavala, Kefalonia, Kos, Lanzarote, Larnaca, La Romana, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Luxor, Málaga, Malta, Minorca, Monastir, Montego Bay, Naples, Orlando-Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Puerto Plata, Pula, Punta Cana, Reus, Rhodes, Sal, Santorini, Sharm el-Sheikh, Skiathos, Taba, Tenerife-South, Verona, Zakynthos | 1 |
| Turkish Airlines | Istanbul-Atatürk | 1 |
| Turkmenistan Airlines | Ashgabat | 1 |
| Turkuaz Airlines | Antalya | 1 |
| Viking Airlines | Erbil, Malmö, Sulaimaniyah | 1 |
Cargo services
| Airlines | Destinations |
|---|---|
| FedEx Feeder operated by Air Contractors | Dublin, Paris-Charles de Gaulle |
| Air Lada | Amsterdam |
| Atlantic Airlines | Maastricht |
| Nightexpress | Dublin, Coventry, Frankfurt |
| West Air Luxembourg | Eindhoven |
Other Users
West Midlands Police Air Operations[25]
Cello Aviation[26]
Eurojet[27]
Accidents and incidents
- On 4 January 2002, a Bombardier-CL604 business jet crashed on take-off from runway 15 at Birmingham.[28] The aircraft with registration N90AG was on lease by AGCO corporation and was carrying two company executives, two pilots and an observer. After arriving from Palm Beach International Airport the previous evening, the aircraft was parked overnight at Birmingham where ice formed on the wings due to the cold weather conditions. The following morning the pilots did not request de-icing of the aircraft before their flight to Bangor Airport in Maine. The ice on the wings caused one wing to dip on take off, the aircraft inverted, crashed into grass besides the runway and caught fire. There were no survivors. Sleeping pills taken by both pilots the night before the crash are thought to have been a factor in reducing the pilots' judgment.
- On 23 February 2006, a Mahan Air Airbus A310 operating a flight from Tehran, Iran, was involved in a serious incident while on approach to Birmingham International Airport. The aircraft descended to the published minimum descent altitude of 740 ft despite still being 11 nm from the runway threshold. At a point 6 nm from the runway the aircraft had descended to an altitude of 660 ft, which was 164 ft above ground level. Having noticed the descent profile, Birmingham Air Traffic Control issued an immediate climb instruction to the aircraft, however, the crew had already commenced a missed approach, having received a GPWS alert. The aircraft was radar vectored for a second approach during which the flight crew again initiated an early descent. On this occasion, the radar controller instructed the crew to maintain their altitude and the crew successfully completed the approach to a safe landing. The accident investigation determined that the primary cause was use of the incorrect DME for the approach, combined with a substantial breakdown in Crew Resource Management. Three safety recommendations were made.[29]
- On 15 June 2006, a TNT Airways cargo 737-300 made an emergency landing at Birmingham with damaged landing gear.[30] The aircraft, registration OO-TND, had been flying from Liege in Belgium to Stansted. Due to poor visibility at Stansted the flight diverted to East Midlands Airport. As the weather at East Midlands was also poor, the aircraft performed a full autopilot approach. During this approach the autopilot momentarily disengaged causing it to deviate from the course. The aircraft hit the grass to the side of the runway, which caused the right main gear to detach. The crew initiated a go-around, declared an emergency and diverted to Birmingham. After it landed on Birmingham's main runway, the airport was closed for a number of hours. The pilots were unharmed.[31] However, the company ascribed the incident to human error and both pilots were dismissed.[32] The official report into the accident highlighted a number of factors contributing to the accident - poor weather forecast information; a message passed from Air Traffic Control to the aircraft at an "inappropriate" time; the pilot accidentally disconnecting the autopilot when attempting to respond to the message; the pilot losing "situational awareness" and failing to abort the landing.[33]
Security incidents
- On 6 June 2007, The Tonight with Trevor McDonald programme exposed serious security flaws at Birmingham Airport over a six month period. Fifteen members of staff working for the security contractor "ICTS UK Ltd" were suspended and subsequently sacked for gross misconduct.[34] Members of security were filmed asleep on duty, reading magazines whilst operating x-ray scanners, leaving aircraft unguarded, and ignoring bags sent for extra security checks, as well as being understaffed. The security lapse was deemed so serious, that it was commented upon in the United States Congress by Bennie Thompson, the chairman of the US Congress Homeland Security Committee, who advised that all flights to and from Birmingham Airport should cease.[35] Despite sacking the members of staff in the programme for their actions, ICTS still claimed that the footage had been "contrived to exaggerate and sensationalise" the issues.[36]
- On 8 June 2009, the West Midlands Police helicopter (G-WMAO) was destroyed by arsonists,[37] and subsequently written off.[38]Pictures A year later, a new Eurocopter EC135 similar to G-WMAO was handed over to West Midlands Police at the Farnborough Airshow. Thousands of pounds have now been spent upgrading security surrounding the new police helicopter.[39]
- On 14 February 2010, a faulty Archway Metal Detector (AMD) was switched off in Terminal 2 and not switched back on again, allowing hundreds of passengers to pass through unchecked. The "serious failure" was not spotted until police officers wearing metal equipment passed through and the AMDs did not sound. Birmingham Airport commented that a full and thorough investigation was under way. [40]
Statistics
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| Rank | Airport | Passengers handled | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Dublin Airport |
580,534 |  7 |
| 2 |  Dubai Airport |
436,761 |  10 |
| 3 |  Amsterdam Airport |
411,761 | 16 |
| 4 |  Edinburgh Airport |
336,150 | 16 |
| 5 |  Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport |
316,145 | 6 |
| 6 |  Alicante Airport |
313,233 | 24 |
| 7 | Palma de Mallorca Airport |
305,938 | 14 |
| 8 | Malaga Airport |
303,492 | 9 |
| 9 | Glasgow International Airport |
269,411 | 20 |
| 10 | Tenerife South Airport |
247,578 | 9 |
| 11 |  Frankfurt Airport |
231,106 | 10 |
| 12 | Belfast City Airport |
195,383 | 8 |
| 13 |  Faro Airport |
177,075 | 5 |
| 14 |  Dalaman Airport |
143,427 | 17 |
| 15 | Lanzarote Airport |
139,895 | 3 |
| 16 | Dusseldorf Airport |
138,413 | 13 |
| 17 |  Zurich Airport |
130,221 | 4 |
| 18 | Belfast International Airport |
130,139 | 16 |
| 19 | Murcia San Javier Airport |
125,053 | 13 |
| 20 |  Larnaca Airport |
117,059 | 19 |
See also
- Transport in Birmingham
References
- ↑ Birmingham - EGBB
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 UK Airport Statistics: 2009 - annual
- ↑ Birmingham Airport in Solihull
- ↑ "Planning Application made to Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council (MBC)". BHX. http://planningapplication.bhx.co.uk/Further%20Information%20(inc%20Revised%20ES)%20Submitted%20Sept%202008/BIAL%20Covering%20Letter%20September%202008/BIAL%20Covering%20Letter%20September%202008.pdf.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "The History of Birmingham International Airport". Birmingham International Airport. http://www.birminghamairport.co.uk/meta/about-us/history/1930s-1970s.aspx. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
- ↑ The Aeroplane and Astronautics. Temple Press. 1959. pp. 252.
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Noszlopy, George Thomas; Jeremy Beach (1998). Public Sculpture of Birmingham. Liverpool University Press. pp. 12. ISBN 0853236925.
- ↑ Vladimir Zakian (2005). Control Systems Design: A New Framework. Springer. pp. 328. ISBN 1852339136.
- ↑ "Blow for business as Air India halts flights from Birmingham". Birmingham Post. September 2008. http://www.birminghampost.net/news/west-midlands-news/2008/09/10/blow-for-business-as-air-india-halts-flights-from-birmingham-65233-21792830/.
- ↑ "Birmingham Airport Award". Airports Council International. http://www.locatebirmingham.com/news_and_media/news/2007/6/25. Retrieved 2007-11-27.
- ↑ "Birmingham International Airport". http://www.airport-technology.com/projects/birminghamint/.
- ↑ "Emirates opens £1,3 million lounge for passengers at Birmingham". Birmingham Mail. http://www.birminghammail.net/news/birmingham-news/2010/03/12/emirates-opens-a-1-3-million-lounge-for-passengers-at-birmingham-97319-26014291/.
- ↑ "Birmingham Airport Master Plan". Birmingham Airport. http://www.birminghamairport.co.uk/meta/about-us/planning-and-development/airport-master-plan.aspx.
- ↑ Birmingham Airport Runway Planning Notice
- ↑ "Birmingham Airport announces plans to merge two terminals". http://www.birminghammail.net/news/birmingham-news/2010/01/19/birmingham-airport-announces-plans-to-merge-two-terminals-97319-25634454/.
- ↑ "Information desk will close with 25 job losses". http://www.birminghammail.net/news/solihull-news/2010/01/22/birmingham-airport-s-information-desk-will-close-with-25-job-losses-97319-25656523/.
- ↑ "High Speed Rail Command Paper". DfT. http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/rail/pi/highspeedrail/commandpaper/pdf/cmdpap.pdf.
- ↑ "Birmingham International Station". Birmingham Airport. http://www.birminghamairport.co.uk/getting-to-the-airport/by-train.aspx#birmingham-international-station.
- ↑ "Coach or Bus". Birmingham Airport. http://www.birminghamairport.co.uk/getting-to-the-airport/by-bus-or-coach.aspx.
- ↑ "By Car". Birmingham Airport. http://www.birminghamairport.co.uk/getting-to-the-airport/by-car.aspx.
- ↑ "Car Hire". Birmingham Airport. http://www.birminghamairport.co.uk/getting-to-the-airport/car-hire.aspx.
- ↑ "recommended cycle routes". Birmingham Airport. http://www.birminghamairport.co.uk/getting-to-the-airport/~/media/Files/Pdfs/content/surface_access/cycle_routes.ashx.
- ↑ "By Bike". Birmingham Airport. http://www.birminghamairport.co.uk/getting-to-the-airport/by-bike.aspx.
- ↑ West Midlands Police Air Ops
- ↑ "New VIP Charter Airline Lands at Birmingham". Birmingham Airport. http://www.birminghamairport.co.uk/meta/news/2010/06/cello-aviation-news.aspx.
- ↑ Eurojet in Birmingham
- ↑ "AAIB Report on N90AG accident"
- ↑ "Report on the serious incident to Airbus A310-304, registration F-OJHI, on approach to Birmingham International Airport on 23 February 2006". UK AAIB. http://www.aaib.dft.gov.uk/sites/aaib/publications/formal_reports/7_2007_f_ojhi.cfm. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
- ↑ "AAIB Report on OO=TND incident"
- ↑ "Aviation safety network summary of TNT accident"
- ↑ "BBC News article, 27 July 2006 - Cargo plane crash pilots sacked"
- ↑ "Cargo flight 'a near catastrophe'". BBC News Online. 29 April 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7372457.stm. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
- ↑ "Airport at centre of security row". 04-06-2007. http://www.birminghammail.net/news/solihull-news/2007/06/04/airport-at-centre-of-security-row-97319-19243037/.
- ↑ "AIRPORT SECURITY WHO WOULD RATHER READ SLEEP THAN X-RAY BAGS". The Express. http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/8728/Airport-security-who-would-rather-read-sleep-than-X-ray-bags/.
- ↑ "Airport security lapses exposed". BBC News. 04-06-2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_midlands/6716187.stm.
- ↑ "Arson attack on police helicopter". BBC News. 2009-06-08. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_midlands/8088823.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ↑ http://www.caa.co.uk/application.aspx?catid=60&pagetype=65&appid=1&mode=detailnosummary&fullregmark=WMAO
- ↑ "west midlands police ready to take off with new chopper". Birmingham Mail. July 2010. http://www.birminghammail.net/news/birmingham-news/2010/07/22/west-midlands-police-ready-to-take-off-with-new-chopper-97319-26904112/.
- ↑ "Birmingham Airport investigates security breach after staff switched off metal detector". Birmingham Mail. http://www.birminghammail.net/news/birmingham-news/2010/02/22/birmingham-airport-investigates-security-breach-after-staff-switched-off-metal-detector-97319-25883615/.
- ↑ Number of Movements represents total air transport takeoffs and landings during that year.
- ↑ UK Airport Statistics
External links
- Birmingham International Airport - Official website
- Airport Consultative Committee
- MADE IN BIRMINGHAM Elmdon Airport
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